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Live Monero (XMR) network metrics: reorgs, orphan blocks, mining-pool centralization.
About
Live Monero (XMR) network metrics: reorgs, orphan blocks, mining-pool centralization.
Remote endpoints: streamable-http: https://api.monerometrics.net/mcp
Security Report
monerometrics is a well-architected Monero network observatory with strong security practices. The codebase demonstrates mature infrastructure-as-code discipline, proper secrets management via OpenBao, and defense-in-depth architecture. No critical vulnerabilities were identified. Minor findings relate to broad exception handling and logging patterns typical of this category, which do not materially impact security.
4 files analyzed · 5 issues found
Security scores are indicators to help you make informed decisions, not guarantees. Always review permissions before connecting any MCP server.
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How to Install & Connect
Available as Local & Remote
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Documentation
View on GitHubFrom the project's GitHub README.
monerometrics
A reorg-aware observatory for the health of the Monero network: public dashboard + API.
monerometrics measures and historizes the health of the Monero network: network hashrate,
block time, mempool state, mining-pool distribution and, above all, chain reorganizations
(reorgs) and orphan blocks, which most block explorers surface poorly.
The project was born from the August 2025 Qubic episode, during which a mining pool paying miners in its own token approached a majority of the network hashrate, then withheld blocks and released a longer private chain. On 14 September 2025 that produced an 18-block reorganization at height 3,499,659 that erased about 36 minutes of history and invalidated 118 transactions, well past the 10 confirmations everyone treated as final. The public debate lacked reliable, accessible data to settle it. monerometrics fills that gap with a neutral, verifiable, reorg-aware observatory.
It is open-source and self-funded, with no ads and no tracking. The dashboard and the API are free and open, permanently: there is no paid tier, and there will not be one.
From a diploma project to a community tool. monerometrics V1 was built and defended as a French professional IT-infrastructure project, and it earned the diploma. With that chapter closed, the goal of V2 is to hand the project over to the Monero community: fully open-source, self-funded, and useful well beyond a classroom.
- Dashboard: monerometrics.net
- Public API: api.monerometrics.net (OpenAPI documented)
- MCP server:
https://api.monerometrics.net/mcp(Streamable HTTP; in the MCP Registry) - Tor hidden service:
6wbhchvavey26lbtscl6w6qg76balycixtsklcggrsslyk4xah6sbbad.onion(dashboard + API, no Cloudflare, no IP exposure, see Access over Tor)
What it does
- Dashboard: a React SPA organised in four sections. Consensus and reorganizations: an interactive chain-fork visualizer that draws competing branches as a tree, plus reorg statistics and orphan history. Each block names its pool and how the attribution was established (proven, claimed or inferred), and merge-mined blocks are flagged. Mining concentration: pool distribution with largest-pool share and the Nakamoto coefficient, and the evidence behind each attribution. Network state: hashrate, block-time variance, mempool, emission, and a transaction fee estimator reading the node's four priority tiers live. Peer-to-peer market: Haveno premium over spot on both sides of the book, live order-book depth, resting liquidity, and premium by payment method. Available in English, French and Spanish, light/dark themes.
- Public API: FastAPI, read-only JSON endpoints grouped by theme (service, network, chain/reorgs, pools, market). Automatically documented via OpenAPI.
- Reorg detection: a Python worker reads each block from a synced node, computes the indicators and detects reorganizations by re-checking a rolling window of recent blocks against the node, recording their real depth and the transactions they displaced.
Architecture
A visitor reaches the dashboard or API through Cloudflare, which terminates TLS and applies its edge protections, then forwards to a hardened edge server (nginx + ModSecurity WAF). The edge serves the static dashboard and reverse-proxies the API to the k3s node, where the application core runs: a Monero node, the indexer, PostgreSQL and the API.
A second, independent path exists: a Tor hidden service running on the edge, which bypasses Cloudflare entirely and serves both the dashboard and the API on a single origin.
flowchart LR
User(["Visitor"]) -->|HTTPS| CF["Cloudflare<br/>DNS · WAF · proxy"]
CF -->|"HTTP/2 origin pull"| Edge
Tor(["Tor visitor"]) -.->|"Tor network"| Onion
subgraph HZ["Hetzner Cloud · private network 10.0.0.0/24"]
Onion["tor daemon<br/>hidden service v3"]
Edge["edge 10.0.0.20<br/>nginx + ModSecurity WAF<br/>static dashboard"]
Onion -.->|"127.0.0.1:8080"| Edge
subgraph K3S["k3s 10.0.0.30 · no public ingress"]
API["FastAPI"]
Worker["Python worker<br/>(indexer)"]
DB[("PostgreSQL 17")]
Node["monerod 0.18<br/>pruned"]
end
Edge -->|"api. proxy_pass"| API
API --> DB
Worker --> DB
Worker -->|JSON-RPC| Node
end
Node <-->|"P2P sync"| Monero(["Monero network"])
API -.->|"XMR price (cached)"| Price(["CoinGecko · Kraken<br/>Haveno (RetoSwap)"])
Access over Tor
The dashboard is also published as a Tor v3 hidden service, giving a path to the data that does not depend on Cloudflare and does not expose the visitor's IP address:
6wbhchvavey26lbtscl6w6qg76balycixtsklcggrsslyk4xah6sbbad.onion
Design notes:
- One origin, no leaks. The hidden service serves the dashboard on
/and reverse-proxies the API under/api. The SPA detects an.onionhost at runtime and switches to that relative path, so no browser request ever leaves the hidden service for the clearnet. A single build serves both clearnet and Tor. - No TLS, on purpose. Tor already encrypts and authenticates end to end, and the
.onionaddress is the service's public key. A certificate would add nothing. - Not reachable from the internet. The
.onionvhost listens on127.0.0.1:8080only, so the Tor daemon is the sole thing that can reach it, no firewall rule, no exposed port. Tor makes outbound connections only; nothing inbound is opened. - No logs. Every request arrives from
127.0.0.1(Tor carries no client IP), so access logging is disabled on this vhost: it would record nothing useful. - Discoverable. The clearnet site advertises the service with an
Onion-Locationheader, so Tor Browser offers to switch automatically. - Rate limiting. Since per-IP limiting is meaningless over Tor, hidden-service traffic is tagged by nginx and isolated in a dedicated bucket with a much higher ceiling, the API stays protected from abuse without Tor users evicting each other. The tagging header is stripped on the clearnet vhosts, so it cannot be forged from the internet.
It is deployed by the tor Ansible role (config/ansible/roles/tor/).
Infrastructure
The platform runs on Hetzner Cloud (region Nuremberg) as three Ubuntu 24.04 servers on a private network, each protected by its own Hetzner firewall. Administration is done over a Tailscale (WireGuard) zero-trust mesh; Grafana is reachable over Tailscale only, never from the internet. The encrypted off-site backups live on a separate cloud (Oracle Cloud, S3-compatible object storage) to isolate failure domains.
flowchart TB
Admin(["Administrator"]) -->|"SSH 22"| Bastion
Internet(["Internet"]) -->|"80 / 443"| Edge
subgraph HZ["Hetzner Cloud (nbg1) · 10.0.0.0/24"]
Bastion["bastion 10.0.0.10<br/>firewall: SSH from admin IP only"]
Edge["edge 10.0.0.20<br/>firewall: 80/443 from internet"]
K3s["k3s 10.0.0.30 + data volume<br/>firewall: no inbound"]
Bastion -. ProxyJump .-> Edge
Bastion -. ProxyJump .-> K3s
end
Mesh["Tailscale mesh<br/>(admin · Grafana)"]
Bastion --- Mesh
Edge --- Mesh
K3s --- Mesh
OCI[("Oracle Cloud<br/>Restic backups<br/>S3-compatible, encrypted")]
K3s -->|"3-2-1 encrypted"| OCI
| Server | Type | Public exposure | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
bastion | CX23 | SSH from admin IP only | Sole SSH entry point, ProxyJump to the others |
edge | CX23 | 80/443 from the internet | nginx reverse proxy + ModSecurity WAF, serves the static dashboard |
k3s | CX33 + 128 GB volume | none (outbound only) | k3s cluster: monerod, worker, PostgreSQL, API, OpenBao |
Running cost
Taken from the Hetzner invoice, per hour of use, excluding VAT:
| Item | Unit price | Monthly (730 h) |
|---|---|---|
2 × CX23 (bastion, edge) | 0.0088 €/h | 12.85 € |
1 × CX33 (k3s) | 0.0136 €/h | 9.93 € |
| 3 × primary IPv4 | 0.0008 €/h | 1.75 € |
| 128 GB volume | 0.0572 €/GB-month | 7.32 € |
| Total | 31.85 € excl. VAT · 38.22 € incl. VAT |
Cloudflare, Let's Encrypt, Tailscale and GitHub Actions are on free tiers.
The volume is the item that moves. The pruned Monero blockchain occupies 104 GB of it, while the entire indexed database of 3.7 M blocks takes 2 GB, about 572 bytes per block.
Growth is measured from the indexed data rather than estimated. Summing the recorded size of every canonical block gives 186.8 GB for the full chain against 104 GB on disk, so this pruned node keeps 56 % of Monero. The chain grew 22.18 GB over the last twelve full months, which is 12.35 GB a year on disk, steady across years (17.5 GB in 2022, 18.3 in 2023, 29.1 in 2024, 22.2 in 2025). At 93 % full, the 128 GB volume saturates in roughly eight months, so the plan is to take it to 160 GB (+1.83 €/month) and no further, since the same measurement says larger would sit unused.
Storage is driven by the chain, not by indexing: the database adds about 150 MB a year.
Key choices:
- Defense in depth. Per-server firewalls, a single SSH entry point, a WAF on the only public web surface, a zero-trust admin mesh, and a k3s node with no inbound exposure at all (admin and edge reach it over the private network; its public IP is outbound-only, for node sync and image pulls).
- HTTP/2 origin behind Cloudflare. Both the client-facing (Cloudflare) and origin (nginx) hops run HTTP/2, with the ModSecurity WAF fully active on HTTP/2 traffic.
- Everything is Infrastructure-as-Code. Hetzner resources via Terraform
(
hcloud+cloudflareproviders), server configuration and CIS-aligned hardening via Ansible. Container images are built and published to GHCR. - Secrets. The cluster is provisioned with OpenBao (a free fork of Vault) and the
manifests carry no plaintext credential. In the current state OpenBao is sealed, and the
workloads read their database credentials from a Kubernetes Secret
(
postgres-credentials-fallback) instead. Unsealing is a manual step after any restart, which is the trade-off of running a single node; the fallback keeps the service up meanwhile. - Supervision with Prometheus + Grafana; backups with Restic (3-2-1, cross-cloud,
tested restore, see
k8s/monerometrics/BACKUP-PRA.md).
How the indexer works
The worker (apps/worker/indexer.py) is the heart of the project. Every
POLL_INTERVAL seconds it asks monerod for its state (/get_info) and, when the node is
synced, runs two passes against the database:
-
Confirmation-window rescan (reorg detection). It re-fetches the headers of the last
CONFIRMATION_WINDOWblocks (default 60) in a singleget_block_headers_rangecall and compares each block hash to the canonical hash already stored. Any mismatch is a reorganization: the previously stored block is flagged orphan (is_canonical = false), the node's new block becomes canonical, and a row is written toreorgs_detectedwith the real depth (number of contiguous rewritten heights) and affected transaction count (sum of the orphaned blocks' tx counts). This pass is what makes reorg detection actually work, plain forward-only indexing never revisits the past, so it would silently miss every reorg that rewrites already-indexed heights. -
Forward indexing. It then fetches the new blocks above the last indexed height. Close to the tip it pulls full blocks one by one for accurate pool attribution; when it is far behind (fresh deploy), it switches to a fast header backfill (
get_block_headers_range, ~1000 blocks per call), which is enough for the network-health series and lets the long windows (90 d, 1 y, 5 y) fill with real history in well under two hours instead of never.
flowchart TB
Start(["Every POLL_INTERVAL"]) --> Info["GET /get_info"]
Info --> Sync{"node synced?"}
Sync -->|no| Wait["log progress · sleep"]
Sync -->|yes| Rescan["Rescan last N blocks<br/>get_block_headers_range"]
Rescan --> Diff{"stored hash<br/>≠ node hash?"}
Diff -->|yes| Reorg["mark old → orphan<br/>insert new canonical<br/>record reorg (depth, tx)"]
Diff -->|no| Fwd
Reorg --> Fwd["Forward index<br/>new blocks (batch)"]
Fwd --> Metrics["update Prometheus metrics"]
Metrics --> Start
Mining-pool attribution
Monero is private by design: a coinbase transaction carries no pool name, and stealth addresses mean you cannot simply look up "who was paid". Attribution therefore has to be established, never assumed, and every public tracker faces the same wall.
monerometrics never infers a pool's share from its self-reported hashrate (the number pools
publish on their own site, which nothing on-chain backs). It only counts blocks it can tie to a
pool by evidence, and records which kind of evidence was used, per block, in blocks.pool_source.
The three methods, in order of strength
1. View-key proof, cryptographic (viewkey_proof)
Some pools publish their wallet primary address and secret view key (see blocks.p2pool.observer/proofs). A view key only reveals incoming transactions; it cannot spend, and the spend key is never disclosed. That is enough to prove ownership of a coinbase output, with no trust in anyone's API:
R = transaction public key, parsed out of the coinbase tx_extra (tag 0x01)
derivation = 8 · a · R (a = the pool's secret view key)
P_expected = Hs(derivation ‖ varint(i)) · G + B (B = the pool's public spend key)
If P_expected equals the actual output key at index i, that output pays the pool's wallet:
a mathematical fact, independent of any pool API, and therefore immune to the reporting lag
that makes fresh blocks look unattributed. Implemented from scratch in
apps/worker/pool_proofs.py (ed25519 point arithmetic, Keccak-256,
Monero base58), ~33 ms per block.
2. Pool block lists, cross-referenced (pool_api)
Pools that publish no view key still publish the list of blocks they found. Those lists are
aggregated every ~2 minutes into an index {block_hash → pool} and matched by block hash, so
the claim is at least anchored to a real block on the canonical chain. The weakness is latency,
not correctness: a pool slow to publish leaves its own recent blocks looking unknown until it
catches up. A re-attribution pass on every cycle fixes those retroactively.
3. Coinbase heuristic, structural (coinbase_heuristic)
A coinbase paying many outputs at once is characteristic of P2Pool, which splits the reward between miners directly on-chain. Used only as a last resort, and labelled as a heuristic.
Guardrails
- Keys are self-checked at startup. Each view key must prove a block that the pool's own API
claims. A key that fails is dropped, not used, so a stale or wrong key can never mislabel
blocks. Logged as
View-key self-check: N verified [...]. - Conflicts are surfaced, not hidden. If a pool API claims a block that the proof attributes to
someone else, it is logged and counted in
monerometrics_attribution_conflicts_total. - Unproven claims are flagged. A pool that publishes a view key should be able to prove its own
blocks. When it lists one its published key does not prove, the block is recorded as
pool_api_unprovenrather than presented with the same confidence as a proven one, the key may have rotated without being republished, or the claim may simply be wrong. Counted inmonerometrics_unproven_claims_totaland surfaced on the dashboard. - Proof outranks APIs. When both are available, the cryptographic result wins.
- Source health is public. Reachability and block count per source are published at
/pools/sources, so a silently failing source is visible instead of quietly inflatingunknown.
Sources aggregated
| Pool | Endpoint | Method / depth | View-key proof |
|---|---|---|---|
| supportxmr.com | www.supportxmr.com/api/pool/blocks | ?limit= (up to 10000) | ✅ |
| hashvault.pro | api.hashvault.pro/v3/monero/pool/blocks | ?limit=&page=0 (up to 10000) | ✅ |
| moneroocean.stream | api.moneroocean.stream/pool/blocks | ?limit=100 (pool cap) | ✅ |
| xmrpool.eu | web.xmrpool.eu:8119/get_blocks | paginated by ?height= | ✅ |
| ownblock.xyz | ((no block API) | ) | ✅ |
| p2pool (main) | p2pool.observer/api/pool/blocks | ?limit= (up to 1000) | · |
| p2pool (mini) | mini.p2pool.observer/api/pool/blocks | ?limit= | · |
| p2pool (nano) | nano.p2pool.observer/api/pool/blocks | ?limit= | · |
| nanopool.org | xmr.nanopool.org/api/v1/pool/blocks/0/{n} | path count (~4600) | · |
| c3pool.com | api.c3pool.org/pool/blocks | ?limit= (up to 10000) | · |
| kryptex.com | pool.kryptex.com/xmr/api/v1/pool/blocks | paginated via next (~100, pool cap) | · |
| herominers.com | monero.herominers.com/api/get_blocks | paginated by ?height= | · |
| monerohash.com | monerohash.com/api/get_blocks | paginated by ?height= | · |
P2Pool runs three sidechains (main/mini/nano); all three are polled and collapsed into a single
p2pool label, since they are one decentralised network from a centralisation standpoint.
What stays unattributable, and why
About a fifth of blocks end up unknown (20 % over the last 7 days, against 40 % proven
cryptographically and 38 % claimed by a pool API), and that number is reported as-is rather than
smoothed over. The reasons are structural:
- Qubic publishes no block list at all and no view key, nobody can attribute it.
- Solo miners are invisible by design; that is the point of Monero.
- Some pools expose no working API (DxPool returns HTTP 500 on every documented endpoint) and publish no view key.
- Very recent blocks may be genuinely unattributable for a few minutes, until the pool that found them publishes, unless the pool provides a view key, in which case they are proven immediately.
Every public tracker hits this same ceiling; comparable sites report an even larger unknown share. The honest move is to show it.
Merge mining
A merge-mined block is one where a single proof-of-work claims both a Monero block and a block on
an auxiliary chain. The indexer detects it from the 0x03 tag in the coinbase tx_extra and stores
the count in blocks.merge_mining; the share over a window is published by
/chain/provenance and marked with an M on each
block in the dashboard's fork visualizer.
It is tracked because it is not a curiosity but a centralization vector: an auxiliary chain can subsidise miners and pull hashrate toward whichever pool supports it, and concentrated hashrate is what makes a reorganization possible in the first place.
It is not, however, what Qubic did. Qubic ran a "useful proof-of-work" scheme: it paid miners in its own token by converting the mined XMR, at one point roughly three times more lucrative than ordinary Monero mining, taking its share of the network from under 2 % in May 2025 to a claimed majority by August. The subsidy was economic, routed through a pool, not merge mining through the coinbase. The mechanisms are distinct even though both end in concentrated hashrate, and conflating them would be wrong.
Around 61 % of blocks are merge-mined over the last 30 days, down from 74 % in August 2025. That share is not a network-wide drift: it is a per-pool policy. supportxmr, p2pool, c3pool and moneroocean merge-mine every block they find, hashvault 95 % of them, while nanopool, herominers, xmrpool and kryptex merge-mine none. The curve therefore tracks which pool is finding blocks this week as much as any change in practice.
The auxiliary chain is not named: the on-chain tag carries only a Merkle root, so identifying it would require querying that chain. We report the count and the root rather than guessing.
Observability. The worker exposes Prometheus metrics on :9100/metrics, indexing lag, reorg
counter, sync state, pool-index size, blocks proven by view key, attribution conflicts, last-loop
timestamp, and writes a heartbeat file consumed by a Kubernetes liveness probe, so a stalled loop
gets restarted automatically.
Data model
PostgreSQL, read-only from the API's point of view. Two tables carry the chain record and matter
most (k8s/monerometrics/20-configmap-postgres-init.yaml):
blocks, the primary key is the block hash, not the height. This is deliberate: it lets several blocks coexist at the same height (the canonical one plus the orphans left behind by a reorg). A partial unique index (UNIQUE (height) WHERE is_canonical) guarantees there is exactly one canonical block per height at any instant. Columns includeheight,prev_hash, timestamps,difficulty,tx_count,miner_pool,reward_xmr(stored as an exactNUMERIC, not a float) and theis_canonicalflag.pool_sourcerecords how the pool was established for that block (viewkey_proof,pool_apiorcoinbase_heuristic) so a consumer can weigh a cryptographic proof differently from a pool's own claim, andNULLfor blocks indexed before provenance tracking existed.reorgs_detected, one row per detected reorganization event:fork_point_height,depth,old_chain_tip_hash,new_chain_tip_hash,affected_tx_countanddetected_at.
The orphan/canonical split is what powers the dashboard's chain-fork visualizer and the
/orphans/recent and /reorgs/stats endpoints.
The rest are time series and caches, created by the worker on first run rather than by the init manifest:
| Table | Written by | Holds |
|---|---|---|
mempool_snapshots | worker, each poll | Pending transaction count over time |
fee_snapshots | worker, every 5 min | The node's four fee tiers, in piconero per byte |
price_snapshots | worker, every 10 min | Centralized spot plus the Haveno book, both sides: best and average offer, resting liquidity and offer count for asks and bids, and the raw book |
haveno_offers | worker, every 10 min | Individual open Haveno offers with their payment method |
haveno_trades | worker, hourly | Executed Haveno trades back to May 2024, with payment method |
haveno_liquidity | worker, hourly | Hourly resting liquidity per market, back to November 2024 |
spot_daily | worker, hourly | Daily centralized close, used to price historical trades |
pool_sources | worker | Reachability and block count per pool API |
api_usage | API | External request counter |
Every one of them is a cache, not a source of truth: the chain tables are re-derivable from any
monerod, and the market tables from haveno.markets. That property is what makes the high-availability
plan below cheap.
API reference
The API (apps/api/) is read-only and returns JSON. It is built with FastAPI,
so an interactive OpenAPI schema is served at
api.monerometrics.net/docs (raw schema at /openapi.json).
Responses for the heavy aggregations are cached (~60 s) and every IP is rate-limited
(300 requests/minute by default; Tor hidden-service traffic gets its own shared bucket with a
higher ceiling, since per-IP limiting is meaningless there); CORS is open for GET so the API
can be consumed from anywhere. No key, no account, no tracking.
window accepts 1h, 24h, 7d, 30d, 90d, 1y, 5y unless noted otherwise.
Service
| Endpoint | Description |
|---|---|
GET /health | Liveness + database connectivity check. |
GET /info | Global metadata: API version, latest indexed height, total blocks, orphans, reorgs. |
GET /usage/external | Count of external API requests served, excluding this dashboard and the MCP server. |
Network
| Endpoint | Description |
|---|---|
GET /network/info | Current state: sync status, mempool size, difficulty, estimated hashrate (live from the node). |
GET /network/hashrate?window= | Historical network hashrate (difficulty / 120 s), bucketed by the window. |
GET /network/blocktime?window= | Variance of the time between consecutive canonical blocks (target 120 s). window = 1h|24h|7d|30d. |
GET /network/mempool?window= | Mempool size (pending transactions) over time, sampled each worker poll. |
GET /network/emission?window= | Average block reward over time · Monero tail emission (~0.6 XMR/block). window excludes 1h. |
GET /network/fees | The node's four fee tiers (slow, normal, fast, fastest), priced for a reference ~1500-byte transaction in XMR and USD. |
GET /network/fees/history?window= | Normal-tier fee over time, in nanonero, for the reference transaction size. window accepts 24h, 7d, 30d, 90d, 1y. |
Chain & reorgs
| Endpoint | Description |
|---|---|
GET /chain/window?from=&to= | Raw block window between two heights (max 1000 blocks). |
GET /chain/provenance?window= | Evidence quality of our own attribution over the window: how many blocks were proven cryptographically, claimed by a pool API, inferred structurally, or left unattributed · plus claims a pool could not prove with its own published key. window = 1h|6h|24h|48h|7d. |
GET /chain/block/{hash} | Full detail for one block, read live from the node: coinbase hash, weight and long-term weight, included transaction hashes, merge-mining tags, plus the pool attribution and (for proven blocks) the public proof inputs (wallet address and view key) so anyone can re-verify it. |
GET /chain/fork-window?limit= | Latest N blocks including orphans, with fork-point flags (powers the chain visualizer). limit = 10..500. |
GET /reorgs?limit= | Most recent detected reorganizations. limit = 1..1000. |
GET /reorgs/stats | Reorg statistics aggregated over 24h / 7d / 30d (count, avg/max depth, affected tx). |
GET /orphans/recent?limit= | Recent orphan blocks with their competing canonical block. limit = 1..500. |
Mining pools
| Endpoint | Description |
|---|---|
GET /pools/distribution?window= | Block share per pool over the window, plus decentralization metrics: largest-pool share and Nakamoto coefficient. window = 1h|6h|24h|48h|7d. |
GET /pools/sources | Reachability of each pool API used for attribution (status measured by the indexer, not by your browser). |
Market
| Endpoint | Description |
|---|---|
GET /price | XMR/USD from a centralized reference (CoinGecko, with Kraken as fallback) and the Haveno peer-to-peer street price (RetoSwap network, via haveno.markets). Returns ask_premium_pct and bid_premium_pct, the best offer on each side over spot, their amount-weighted counterparts, round_trip_cost_pct, and the legacy premium_pct computed from the last traded price. Both sources are proxied and cached server-side (~5 s) so the browser never calls them directly. |
GET /price/spread?window= | Haveno order book against centralized spot over time, sampled every 10 minutes, both sides: lowest ask and highest bid, amount-weighted average of each side, resting liquidity and offer count per side, plus round_trip_cost_pct. window accepts 24h, 7d, 30d, 90d, 1y. |
GET /haveno/methods?window=¤cy= | Executed Haveno trades grouped by payment method, with average, median and standard deviation of the premium over centralized spot. window accepts 30d, 90d, 180d, 1y, all; currency accepts USD, EUR. |
GET /haveno/liquidity?window=¤cy= | XMR resting in open Haveno offers, hourly, back to November 2024. currency accepts USD, EUR, AUD, GBP. |
GET /haveno/trades?limit=¤cy= | Recent executed Haveno trades with payment method, price and premium. |
GET /haveno/book | The live order book for XMR_USD, both sides, as price levels with cumulative depth, offer count, payment methods and a reversible flag, each priced against spot. Also returns the amount-weighted average of each side and round_trip_cost_pct. Cached ~30 s. |
Discovery. Beyond the documented API, the service answers the agent-discovery conventions crawlers
actually ask for: llms.txt, agents.json, agent cards, mcp.json, OpenRPC, ai-plugin.json, x402,
owners.json, and the OAuth protected-resource metadata at both the bare path and the RFC 9728 form
with the resource path appended (/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp). Serving these cut the
404 rate on agent traffic from 95% to a few dozen a day.
Requests for endpoints that do not exist get a JSON body listing the interfaces that do, rather than a
bare 404. What the service deliberately does not answer is /v1/models and its variants: those
probes look for an OpenAI-compatible inference API, and answering them would advertise a capability
this project does not have.
The price of a payment rail
The interesting question about a no-KYC exchange is not what Monero costs there, it is what makes it cost more. Grouping every executed trade by payment method answers it, and the answer is not the intuitive one:
| Payment method | Trades | Volume (XMR) | Avg premium | Reversible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PayPal | 63 | 25 197 | +14.67% | yes |
| Wise (TransferWise USD) | 86 | 15 756 | +13.60% | yes |
| Cash App | 249 | 67 824 | +10.77% | yes |
| Venmo | 30 | 9 569 | +8.92% | yes |
| Zelle | 466 | 298 361 | +2.60% | no |
| US postal money order | 8 | 4 615 | +1.46% | no |
| Revolut | 89 | 42 209 | +1.41% | yes |
| Cash by mail | 219 | 455 897 | +1.37% | no |
USD market, 180 days to 24 August 2026, spot reference Kraken daily close.
The premium tracks reversibility, not privacy. A buyer who pays by PayPal or Cash App can file a chargeback after the Monero has already been released, and there is no recourse, so sellers price that risk in, at nine to fifteen percent. Rails that cannot be reversed sit near one to three percent. Cash in an envelope, the most private method on the list, is among the cheapest, and carries the largest volume of any rail.
The reversible flag is our classification, not a Haveno field. Payment methods with only a
handful of trades produce a fragile premium. The spot reference is a daily close, so intraday moves
add noise, and trades before September 2024 fall outside Kraken's 720-day window and carry no
premium at all. Crypto pairs are excluded: haveno.markets quotes them inverted, and a premium
against a fiat spot would be meaningless.
Reading the Haveno premium. Both sides of the book are exposed, and the numbers do not mean the
same thing. On the sell side, ask_premium_pct compares the lowest ask to centralized spot and
ask_avg_premium_pct compares the amount-weighted average of every sell offer. On the buy side,
bid_premium_pct and bid_avg_premium_pct do the same for the offers that buy your XMR. The gap
between best and average is the shape of one side: at the time of writing the top of book sits at
+0.2% while the average sell offer sits at +8.3%, so the cheapest offer tracks spot and the depth
does not.
The gap between the two averages is round_trip_cost_pct, the cost of buying and selling back,
and it is the number that survives contact with reality: 21.9% at the time of writing, against an
8.3% headline premium. It is that large because the two sides are not symmetrical — 33.7 XMR of sell
depth against 44.6 XMR of buy depth, with the buy side averaging −11.2%. Quoting only the sell-side
premium understates the real cost of using this market by more than a factor of two.
It is deliberately built from the amount-weighted averages rather than the best offer on each
side, so read it as an upper bound. Pairing the two best offers would produce a flattering number
that no serious size can actually obtain: the best offer in this book has been backed by as little as
1.49 XMR, around 650 USD. A small trade that never leaves the first price level does better than
round_trip_cost_pct; a trade that walks the book does not. /haveno/book is where you see at which
level the price starts to degrade.
premium_pct compares the last traded price to spot; that fill may be hours old in a thin book,
so it can overstate the premium by ten points or more, and it is kept only for backward compatibility.
Scope: fiat markets only. Haveno runs 34 markets. The headline liquidity figure on
haveno.markets aggregates all of them and sits around 7,900 XMR, but roughly 95% of that is crypto
pairs: BTC/XMR alone holds about 2,000 XMR and stablecoins another 3,000. Every fiat market combined
is only a few hundred. We index fiat on purpose. A crypto-to-crypto swap is instant, riskless and needs
no counterparty, so those offers cannot drift far from exchange spot and their premium is always near
zero. Fiat peer-to-peer involves a real person, chargeback exposure and delay, and that is the only
reason a premium exists at all. Every figure here is the XMR_USD market unless stated otherwise, so
it will read far smaller than the site-wide total, by design.
What these numbers are not. The aggregated series behind /price/spread carry price, amount and
offer count, but not the payment method behind each offer, because the level-1 depth feed does not
expose it. A Haveno offer settled by instant bank transfer and one settled by cash in the mail carry
very different privacy (and very different premiums) yet appear identically in those series. The
lowest ask is therefore not, on its own, the price of buying Monero privately; it is the price of the
most competitive offer, whatever its payment rail. /haveno/book is the exception: it reads the
level-2 feed, so each price level there does carry its payment methods and a reversible flag.
Note also that XMR_USD
is fiat US dollars: haveno.markets lists USDT-ERC20, USDT-TRC20, USDC-ERC20 and DAI-ERC20
as separate markets, so this pair is not a stablecoin quote.
Known limits, stated rather than discovered: only the USD pair carries meaningful volume on Haveno;
offers are advertisements with differing payment methods rather than a matched order book, so the
highest bid can sit above the lowest ask; and history starts on 24 August 2026, when recording began,
because haveno.markets exposes no historical series and the spread cannot be backfilled.
MCP server
The same read-only metrics are exposed to AI assistants through a Model Context
Protocol server (apps/mcp/), so any MCP-compatible client (Claude,
IDE agents, …) can query the Monero network directly, no account, no API key.
- Endpoint (Streamable HTTP):
https://api.monerometrics.net/mcp - Registry: published to the official MCP Registry as
io.github.nowi333/monerometrics. - Tools:
network_info,network_hashrate,reorgs,reorg_stats,recent_orphans,pool_distribution(largest-pool share + Nakamoto coefficient),chain_provenance,search_block(by height or hash, down to the genesis block),get_block,chain_fork_window,price, and more. Plus amonerometrics://referenceresource.
It is a thin wrapper over the public REST API (one small FastMCP service), deployed
alongside the API on k3s and routed at /mcp.
Repository layout
apps/ Application code
dashboard/ React + Vite SPA (EN/FR/ES)
api/ FastAPI service
mcp/ Model Context Protocol server (thin wrapper over the API)
worker/ Python indexer (reorg detection) + shared pool module
infra/ Terraform, modules (network, server, dns) + environments
config/ Ansible, inventory, playbooks, roles (hardening, nginx, tor, k3s, ...)
k8s/ Kubernetes (k3s) manifests + backup/DR runbook (BACKUP-PRA.md)
scripts/ Helpers (env loader)
Deploying
The whole platform is reproducible from code. With a Hetzner project, a Cloudflare-managed domain and the required tokens in your environment:
# 1. Load tokens (HCLOUD_TOKEN, CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN, TAILSCALE_AUTH_KEY, GHCR) from the keychain
source scripts/load-env.sh
# 2. Provision the servers, private network, firewalls and DNS records
cd infra/environments/poc
terraform init
terraform apply # creates bastion, edge, k3s + Cloudflare A records
# 3. Configure and harden the servers (CIS L1, nginx+WAF, k3s, data volume, Tailscale)
cd ../../../config/ansible
ansible-playbook site.yml
# 4. Deploy the application workloads on k3s
kubectl apply -k k8s/monerometrics/
Server sizing, datacenter and the data-volume size are Terraform variables
(see infra/environments/poc/terraform.tfvars.example).
Secrets live in OpenBao, and no plaintext credential is committed to the manifests. Seed the database credentials once, and every consumer (PostgreSQL, worker, API, backup) reads them from there. If OpenBao is sealed, the workloads fall back to a Kubernetes Secret so the service keeps running until it is unsealed:
# Database credentials (read by PostgreSQL, worker, API, backup)
bao kv put secret/postgres/credentials \
POSTGRES_USER=monerometrics POSTGRES_DB=monerometrics POSTGRES_PASSWORD='<strong-password>'
# Backup credentials, Restic repository + OCI S3-compatible keys (read by the backup job)
bao kv put secret/restic/credentials \
RESTIC_REPOSITORY='s3:https://<oci-endpoint>/<bucket>' RESTIC_PASSWORD='<restic-password>' \
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID='<key>' AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='<secret>' AWS_DEFAULT_REGION='<region>'
OpenBao Kubernetes auth roles must allow: monerometrics-postgres / -worker / -api to read
secret/postgres/credentials, and monerometrics-backup to read both
secret/postgres/credentials and secret/restic/credentials.
Local development (dashboard)
cd apps/dashboard
npm install
npm run dev # local dev server
npm run build # production build to dist/
The dashboard reads the public API; point it at api.monerometrics.net (see src/api.js).
Toward high availability (target architecture)
These topologies are the production target, not what runs today. The live platform is a deliberately lean single-node POC: one k3s node (a single point of failure), one unreplicated PostgreSQL, one edge. It is honest, cheap (~38 €/month including VAT) and enough to prove the product, but the k3s node, the database and the edge are all SPOFs. The plan below removes them in tiers, each independently fundable, so infrastructure grows with the project's community funding rather than ahead of it.
Documentation truncated — see the full README on GitHub.
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